CystitisCall inflammation of the bladder.In most cases, this inflammation is caused by bacterial infections, and is a type of urinary tract infection (IMVP).The bladder infection can be very painful and exhausting, and can also cause more serious problems if it enters the kidneys.
In rare cases, cystitis can be a response to certain drugs, radiation therapy or other stimuli: spray for women's hygiene, spermiside gel or the use of urinary catheter length.Cystitis can also be a complication of other diseases.
Usually, bacterial cystitis requires antibiotic prescription.The treatment of other types of cystitis depends on their cause.
Symptoms and signs of cystitis
Symptoms of cystitis include:
Imperative (suddenly -the and very strong) urgent to urinate
Flex
Burned during urination
Frequent urine, small urine
Blood in urine (hematuria)
Urine and/or muddy urine with unpleasant odor
Discomfort in the pelvic area
Pressure pressure on the lower abdomen
Subfebrile body temperature (from 37 to 38 degrees)
In small children, the appearance of daily enuresis (urinary incontinence) can also be a sign of urinary tract infection (IMVP).
When to see a doctor
Get medical help immediately if you have symptoms that are characteristic of kidney infection, in particular:
Back pain or side pain
Fever and chills
Nausea and vomiting
Frequently painful urine, lasting more than a few hours
Blood in the urine.
It is very important to consult a doctor if this is not the first episode of cystitis.
If you have just completed the treatment, and the symptoms have returned, consult your doctor immediately.
If your child has daytime enuresis, contact your pediatrician
Causes and Risk Factors of Cystitis
The human urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureter, bladder and urethra (urethra).
The main function of the urinary system is to remove the body.The kidney filter the blood, release the main urine and then from it;Secondary urine flows through the ureter to the bladder and gather there for several hours, after which the bladder is filled, the person feels the desire to urinate, and clear the bladder through the urethra.
Bacterial cystitis
Urinary infections usually occur when bacteria from the outside penetrate the urinary tract through the urethra, and begin to reproduce there.Often, cystitis is caused by E. coli bacteria.
Bacterial cystitis can occur in women as a complication of sex, especially this occurs after the first sex in a woman's life.But although girls and women who are sexually inactive are exposed to lower urinary tract infections, as sexually transmitted women are often bacterial observers that cause cystitis.
Non -shiny cystitis
Nebacterialnym cistitam includes:
Interstitial cystitis.The causes of chronic inflammation of this bladder, also known as painful bladder syndrome are still unclear.Most often found in women.The disease is difficult to identify and cure.
Cystitis medicine.Some drugs, chemotherapy drugs can cause cystitis, as they accumulate in the bladder and irritate the walls.
Radiation cystitis.Radiation treatment of the pelvic area can cause changes in inflammation in the bladder tissue.
Foreign body cystitis.Prolonged use of urinary catheter can increase the risk of bacterial infections and tissue damage;Both of these factors can cause cystitis.
Chemical cystitis.Some people may increase their sensitivity to the chemicals contained in the jacuzzi, the spray of women's hygiene, spermicidnyh gel and other materials.Local chemical irritation, or allergic inflammation - causes typical symptoms of cystitis.
Cystitis caused by other factors.Sometimes cystitis can occur as complications of other diseases, such as diabetes, kidney stones, prostate hypertrophy or spinal cord injury.
Risk factors
Some people are more likely to develop recurrent urinary tract infections than others.First of all, the risk factor is the female floor - the short urethra makes women more exposed before the disease.
Among women, those who: Who:
Active sexually.Sexual relations can lead to protalkivaniyu bacteria in the urethra.
Use some contraceptive methods.Women who use diaphragms and other membranes are absorbed with spermicidnym gels are more likely to develop cystitis.
Pregnancy.Hormone changes during pregnancy can increase the risk of cystitis.
Located in menopause.Hormones that change in women in menopause are often provociruyut IMVP.
Other risk factors of cystitis in men and women include:
Urine obstruction.It can be caused by stones in the bladder or enlarged prostate (in men).
Changes in the immune system.They occur in diseases such as diabetes, HIV infection and cancer chemotherapy.The oppression of the immune system increases the risk of bacteria and, in some cases, virus cystitis.
The use of urine catheter length.Older people and people with several diseases may need to use urinary catheter for a long time.This often results in increased weakness before bacterial infections, as well as direct damage to the bladder tissue.
In men without predisposition factors - cystitis is rare.
The complications of cystitis
With quick and proper treatment, cystitis rarely leads to complications.However, with the treatment soon, cystitis can cause more serious illnesses.
Cystitis complications include, first of all, pyelonephritis (infectious kidney inflammation).Infections from inflammation can fall into the kidneys, which in turn can cause pyelonephritis and even irreversible damage to kidney tissue (nephrosclerosis).
Early children and the elderly have the highest risk of kidney damage due to bladder infections, as IMVP symptoms are often overlooked, or are mistaken for doctors for other symptoms of illness.
Preparation for a doctor's visit
If you, or your child, have symptoms of characteristic cystitis, you should make an appointment with your doctor.First, you should be examined by a pediatrician, a therapist or a general practitioner, and then, if he or she considers it, you will be directed to a urologist or nephrologist.In anticipation of receipt time, you can create a list that will reduce and optimize your doctor's communication time:
Write your symptoms, including those that appear to be unrelated to cystitis
Make a list of all the medicines, vitamins or supplements you receive
Write the questions you would like to ask your doctor
For example, you can ask your doctor:
What is most likely to cause my illness?
What additional exams do I need to go through?
What factors, in your opinion, contribute to the development of cystitis?
What kind of treatment approach do you recommend?
If this course does not bring relief, what treatment do you advise me next?
What side effects can be expected from prescribed treatment?
What risk of this problem will be repeated?
What can I do to reduce the risk of relapse?
Do I need consultation of experts, urologists or narrow nephrologists?
Feel free to ask the questions that arise with you during a conversation with your doctor.
Your doctor may ask a few questions, for example:
When did you first see these symptoms?
Have you been treated for urinary tract infections early?
How much discomfort are you experiencing?
How often do you get wet?
After urinating, how much is the last?
Do you have lower back pain?
Do you have high temperatures?
Have you ever seen the release of vagina or blood in the urine?
Are you sexually active?
Do you use cream for contraception?Which one?
Are you not pregnant?
Do you take medicine, biological or vitamin supplements?Do you have a chronic illness?
Have you ever used a urine catheter?
Diagnosis of cystitis
In addition to questioning your symptoms and physics examinations, your doctor may recommend certain tests and tests, such as:
General urine analysisThis test is used as a screeningovy, and as a diagnostic.In this analysis, IMVP can be discussed in increased leukocytes, red blood cells and nitrites.
Urine analysis for infertility.If the bladder is suspected of infection, the doctor may prescribe urine analysis for infertility, which will show the type of bacteria in the urine and their number.
A general blood testThis analysis shows that non -specific inflammation changes in white blood cells, and can indirectly indicate the presence and severity of the urinary tract (IMVP).
Cystoscopy.During this study, doctors introduced cystoscope - thin pipes with backlight and video cameras, through the urethra into the bladder, and studied from the inside to study the anomalies of structure and signs of inflammation.
When using Cystoscope, doctors can also take small cloth samples (biopsy) from suspicious places for laboratory analysis.However, cystoscopy is not shown to all patients with cystitis, but only to patients with recurrent cystitis or nebacterialnym.
Visualisiruyushchie method.This method of research is also needed by not all patients, but only to those who cannot find the cause of repeated IMVP in other ways.For example, an overview of abdominal radiography, or ultrasound of the retroperitoneal space, can identify the anomalies of the bladder structure, ureter and kidneys.In some cases, contrast is performed before radiography, ascending (cystography) or decreasing (intravenous urrography).
Treatment of cystitis
Cystitis caused by bacterial infections is usually treated with antibiotics.The treatment of non -shiny cystitis depends on the cause.
Treatment of bacterial cystitis
The first line antibiotic is an active medicine for intestinal sticks, or bacteria that are present in the urine during sowing.
The main infection.Symptoms usually improve on the first day of treatment, but doctors may demand persistent therapy from three to seven days, depending on the severity of your infection.
Repeated infection.If you have an IMVP relapse, your doctor may recommend longer antibiotic treatment, or direct you to a doctor who specializes in the treatment of urinary tract infections (urologists or nephrologists) to identify the cause of relapse.For some women with recurrent bacterial cistitami, a dose of antibiotics after every sex can be useful.
Nosocomial infection.The nosocomial infection of the bladder can be very difficult to treat, as the bacteria that cause them to be resistant to the main antibiotics used for the therapy of the bladder extracurricular infection.Therefore, doctors can prescribe some antibiotics at once.
Treatment of interstitial cystitis
Because the development of interstitial cystitis is still uncertain, so there is no universal treatment regimen for all patients at the same time.Doctors can try the following treatment methods:
Preparation is used orally, or administered directly into the bladder.
Local procedures that relieve symptoms, such as bladder stretching, filling with water or gas.
Nervous excitation with mild electrical impulses (filing) to relieve pain in the pelvic area, and, in some cases, reduce the frequency of urine
Treatment of other forms of endless cystitis
First of all, it is necessary to eliminate the causes of non -eager cystitis: jacuzzi, spermicide cream, etc.
Treatment of cystitis, which develops as a complication of chemotherapy or radiation therapy, focuses on pain suppression (usually using painkillers), and washing to reduce contact with irritation in the bladder.
Lifestyle and home remedies
Cystitis can be very painful, but there are easy home methods to facilitate these discomfort:
Use a heating pad.Place the heating pad in the lower abdomen, this will relieve pain and weight in the pelvis.
Don't let dehydration.Drink plenty of liquid.Avoid coffee, alcohol, non -alcoholic beverages containing caffeine, citrus juice;As well as spicy foods - until the symptoms of cystitis decrease.These ingredients can irritate the bladder and aggravate the frequency and intensity of the urine.
Bathrooms are inactive.Subure the crotch in hot water for 15-20 minutes, this will relieve pain and discomfort.
With recurrent IMVPs, discuss your personal therapy tactics and symptomatic treatment with your doctor.
Prevention of cystitis
Cranberry juice or tablet containing pro -Aantocyanidine is often recommended to reduce the risk of recurrent infection of some women.However, this new study shows that this method is not as effective as previously thought.
You can still try to take cranberry juice daily, but keep in mind that it cannot be combined with warfarin, as this combination can cause bleeding.
The following simple rules can be useful for the prevention of cystitis:
Drink plenty of fluids, especially water.This is especially important if you have chemotherapy or radiation therapy.
More often hot.If you feel the desire to urinate, do not postpone a visit to the toilet.
After drainage, wipe the curls in the front.This prevents bacteria from the anus in the vagina and urethra.
Shower, not a shower.If you are exposed to IMVP, if you push the bath, and you will take a bath, as water standing in the bath can help penetrate the infection into the urethra.
Slowly wash the skin around the vagina and the anus.Do this every day, but don't use annoying soap, and don't make a vibrant effort.On fine skin around this area, irritation is easy to occur.
Enough of the bladder as soon as possible after the sexual intercourse.Drink a glass of water to go to the toilet again.
Avoid the use of deodorant and aerosols, as well as other female cosmetics in the genital area.These ingredients can irritate the urethra and bladder.